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Black Kids Get Shot For Their Mistakes: White Kids Get Psychologized

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Eugene Robinson
 Opinion writer August 25 at 8:08 PM 

To be young, male and black in America means not being allowed to make mistakes. Forgetting this, as we’ve seen so many times, can be fatal.
The case of Michael Brown, who was laid to rest Monday, is anomalous only in that it is so extreme: an unarmed black teenager riddled with bullets by a white police officer in a community plagued by racial tension.
Eugene Robinson writes a twice-a-week column on politics and culture, contributes to the PostPartisan blog, and hosts a weekly online chat with readers. In a three-decade career at The Post, Robinson has been city hall reporter, city editor, foreign correspondent in Buenos Aires and London, foreign editor, and assistant managing editor in charge of the paper’s Style section.
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African Americans make up 67 percent of the population of Ferguson, Mo., but there are just threeblack officers on the 53-member police force — which responded to peaceful demonstrations by rolling out military-surplus armored vehicles and firing tear gas. It is easy to understand how Brown and his peers might see the police not as public servants but as troops in an army of occupation.
And yes, Brown made mistakes. He was walking in the middle of the street rather than on the sidewalk, according to witnesses, and he was carrying a box of cigars that he apparently took from a convenience store. Neither is a capital offense.
When Officer Darren Wilson stopped him, did Brown respond with puffed-up attitude? For a young black man, that is a transgression punishable by death.
Fatal encounters such as the one between Brown and Wilson understandably draw the nation’s attention. But such tragedies are just the visible manifestation of a much larger reality. Most, if not all, young men go through a period between adolescence and adulthood when they are likely to engage in risky behavior of various kinds without fully grasping the consequences of their actions. If they are white — well, boys will be boys. But if they are black, they are treated as men and assumed to have malicious intent.
What else explains the shameful disparities in the application of justice? As I have pointed out before, blacks and whites are equally likely to smoke marijuana; if anything, blacks are slightly less likely to toke up. Yet African Americans — and Hispanics — are about four times more likely to be arrested on marijuana charges than whites.
To compound this inequality, studies also indicate that, among people who are arrested for using or selling marijuana, black defendants are much more likely than white defendants to serve prison time. For young white men, smoking a joint is no big deal. For young black men, it can ruin your life.
Similarly, blacks and whites are equally likely to use cocaine. But a person convicted of selling crack cocaine will serve a far longer prison term than one convicted of selling the same quantity of powder cocaine, even though these are just two forms of the same drug. Crack is the way cocaine is usually sold in the inner cities, while powder is more popular in the suburbs — which is one big reason there are so many African American and Hispanic men filling our prisons.
One arrest — even for a minor offense — can be enough to send a promising young life reeling in the wrong direction. Police officers understand this and exercise discretion. But evidence suggests they are much more willing to give young white men a break than young black or brown men.
Why would this be? In Ferguson, I would argue, one obvious factor is the near-total lack of diversity among police officers. What year is this, anyway?
But there is disparate treatment even in communities where the racial makeup of the police force more closely resembles that of the population. I believe the central problem is that a young black man who encounters a police officer is assumed to have done something wrong and to be capable of violence. These assumptions make the officer more prepared than he otherwise might be to use force — even deadly force.
The real tragedy is that racist assumptions are self-perpetuating and self-reinforcing. If young black men are treated unfairly by the justice system, they are indeed more likely to have arrest records — and, perhaps, to harbor resentment against police authority. They may indeed feel they have nothing to lose by exhibiting defiance. In some circumstances — and these may include the streets of Ferguson — they may feel that standing up to the police is a matter of self-respect.
Michael Brown had no police record. By all accounts, he had no history of violence. He had finished high school and was going to continue his education. All of this was hidden, apparently, by the color of his skin.
Read more from Eugene Robinson’s archivefollow him on Twitter orsubscribe to his updates on Facebook. You can also join him Tuesdays at 1 p.m. for a live Q&A.

Economists Unanimous On Immigration

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tc0927x
"Silicon Valley: America's New Immigrant Entrepreneurs"

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Who cares what economists say about immigration? "Economists disagree about a lot of things, but on behalf of immigration reform, there is a professional consensus that cuts across the usual political divisions. Why, then, has reform stalled in Congress? Obama's strategy assumed that people care what economists think. And in many contexts, they do. On largely technical issues...Americans pay attention to the consensus within the economics profession....But on issues with heavy symbolic dimensions, where emotions tend to run high, economists have far less influence, even if they speak with one voice." Cass R. Sunstein in Bloomberg View



More Americans Believe In Global Warming. Deniers Less Certain And More Devious

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"The Danger of Science Denial"
TED Talk by Michael Specter
(One of Bill Gates favorite 13 TED Talks)

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"This sense of the climate threat is represented in public opinion polls and attitude studies. A recent Yale survey, for instance, concluded that 'Americans’ certainty that the earth is warming has increased over the past three years,' and 'those who think global warming is not happening have become substantially less sure of their position.' Falsification and denial, while still all too extensive, have come to require more defensive psychic energy and political chicanery. But polls don’t fully capture the complex collective process occurring." Robert Jay Lifton in The New York Times


Traffic Safety: A Stupid Wall Street Journal Article Containing Important Data

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Almost thrown clear...

Alan: For the first half of my life, large numbers of Americans opposed obligatory seat belts, arguing that they wanted to be "thrown clear of the car." Notably, there is not a race driver in the world who does not immediately buckle up when s/he drives a street vehicle.

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More regulation doesn't always mean more safety. "Every month lost to regulatory gridlock causes real harm. Human error causes more than 90% of car accidents, leading to more than 30,000 deaths in the U.S. annually. The economic cost of accidents is more than $200 billion a year, representing more than 2% of GDP. Self-driving cars will create more safety than the regulatory approach based on the Ralph Nader critiques of the 1960s, which were flawed by the conceit that more regulation meant more safety." L. Gordon Crovitz in The Wall Street Journal

Alan:

The total number of annual murders in the "United" States is half the number of Americans killed in auto accidents each year. (And half the number of firearm suicides.)

What's more, the U.S. traffic fatality rate is twice that of Europe.

Every year, the United States could prevent as many traffic deaths as the total number of American murders by the simple expedient of duplicating European laws, regulations and norms as they relate to vehicular transportation.



Do you know why you've never heard about 15,000 preventable traffic fatalities but you get lathered over 7000 black-on-black killings?



To Prevent Total Takeover By Democrats, It Will be Necessary To Re-Distribute Wealth

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"Guaranteed minimum income? Bring it on!"

"Guaranteed Minimum Income: The Most Conservative Way To Fight Poverty"

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To end population growth, lift mothers out of poverty. "Wannabe Loraxes like me try to speak for the trees, which often means pushing back against the demands of humans. But in this case (unless you propose a truly evil route), what’s good for turtles, trees, and the larger ecological commonwealth is also what’s good for the poorest of our own species. If we want to solve this population problem, we need to become humanitarians.." Nathanael Johnson in The Atlantic CityLab


Currently Viable Earthquake Early Warning System Would Cost Less Than It Would Save

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San Francisco Earthquake
1906

The cost of an Earthquake Early Warning System would easily pay for itself 
in diminished personal injury insurance claims.

System under testing gives 10-second warning. "Ten seconds before the earth rumbled in a UC Berkeley lab early Sunday morning, an alarm started blaring — and an ominous countdown warned that a temblor centered near Napa was moments away. 'Earthquake! Earthquake!' it cautioned, after a quick series of alarms. 'Light shaking expected in three seconds.' The successful alert was the biggest test yet in the Bay Area for a type of earthquake early-warning system that's not yet available to the public in the U.S. but already is providing precious seconds of notice before quakes hit in Mexico and Japan." Katy Murphy in the San Jose Mercury News.

uake boosts calls for early-warning systems. "In the coming years, Californians could have valuable seconds of warning before earthquakes such as this week's wine country temblor reach them....Earthquake early warning systems that provide such notice are in place in Mexico and Japan. But California has lagged behind those countries, and is still trying to identify funding sources for the roughly $80 million needed to implement an early-warning system in the state. Sunday's rolling 6.0 shake near Napa has led to renewed calls for its quick deployment before another, possibly more destructive temblor strikes. Researchers are testing a system that could provide tens of seconds of warning, but it is not available for public use." Sudhin Thanawala in the Associated Press.

Costs to the tourist industry could rise to $4 billion. "Insurers will probably cover about $2.1 billion, according to an estimate from Kinetic Analysis Corp....Costs borne by the industry may be limited because many homeowners don’t have earthquake coverage, according to the Insurance Information Institute....Catastrophe-modeler Eqecat estimated there would be $1 billion of insured losses, with as much as half that figure coming from residential claims. The cost for the industry could climb because of coverage that protects commercial policyholders from lost revenue, Eqecat said. Such losses have fueled higher-than-expected claims from other recent catastrophes including superstorm Sandy in 2012." Michael B. Marois, Zachary Tracer and Dan Hart in Bloomberg.

Earthquakes cost more in rich countries, but devastate poor ones. "Earthquakes are more expensive in rich areas because there’s more to break.....While there’s more to break in wealthy countries, construction is far better — buildings have to meet earthquake-safety regulations, for example. In poor countries, a greater proportion of the existing infrastructure collapses in a quake....Related to the greater risk of infrastructure collapse, quakes are yet another deadly condition that disproportionately impact the poor....Don’t let the damage estimates fool you: To survive an earthquake with most of your loved ones and resources intact, it is far better to be in Napa Valley than Nicaragua or Haiti." Charles Kenny in Bloomberg Businessweek.

Explainer: Taking the measure of an earthquake. Evan Horowitz in The Boston Globe.

Three Quarters Of American White People Have No Non-White Friends

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Alan: I have more non-white good friends and business partners than white friends and business partners. 
(I am a white man of Irish, English, German and Dutch descent.)

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Three quarters of whites don’t have any non-white friends. 



California Gov. Jerry Brown Signs Cellphone Kill-Switch Bill Into Law


Cornel West: "Obama Pimped Us"

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Cornel West. (photo: Albert H. Teich via Shutterstock.com)

Alan: I do not like Obama's capitalist cuddling. However, it is useful to recall that politicians “campaign in poetry and rule in prose.” Historians will look back on Obamacare as the moment when Cowboy Capitalism lost its grip on the secular religion of rugged individualism and pay-to-play economics. Philosophically, this sea change is not a panacea but a turning point – the beginning of a “new game,” played on new ground, by new rules. In effect, Obamacare marks the definitive socialization of American capitalism consistent with the European model. In Obama's defense, I will also point out that politics is fraught with irony and paradox. Consider this Inconvenient Truth... Had Obama “rammed single payer down the nation's throat," Mitt Romney would now be president and Obamacare would have been repealed. Rail against Realpolitik as we may, it is what it is. The Affordable Care Act -- crafted within the limits of Realpolitik -- secured the biggest “half loaf” since Medicare which, despite its tremendous benefit, was a "political parenthesis." Obamacare, on the other hand, provides entrée to an entirely New Order. In the sausage-making of politics, I giddly accept any half loaf over the unrealizable promise of pie-in-the-sky. (I also value the visionaries who disagree with me.) A final note... I believe any U.S. president “feels" the dynamics of American political process making it crystal clear just how far s/he can go without being assassinated. Lest we forget... The historically-predicated probability that Obama will be assassinated is 1 in 11. In addition to four assassinated presidents, failed assassination attempts have occurred on 8 other occasions. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_assassination_attempts_and_plots

Cornel West on Obama: "He Posed as a Progressive and Turned Out to Be Counterfeit"
By Thomas Frank, Salon
24 August 14


http://readersupportednews.org/images/stories/alphabet/rsn-C.jpgornel West is a professor at Union Theological Seminary and one of my favorite public intellectuals, a man who deals in penetrating analyses of current events, expressed in a pithy and highly quotable way.

I first met him nearly six years ago, while the financial crisis and the presidential election were both under way, and I was much impressed by what he had to say. I got back in touch with him last week, to see how he assesses the nation’s progress since then.

The conversation ranged from Washington, D.C., to Ferguson, Missouri, and although the picture of the nation was sometimes bleak, our talk ended on a surprising note.

Last time we talked it was almost six years ago. It was a panel discussion The New Yorker magazine had set up, it was in the fall of 2008, so it was while the financial crisis was happening, while it was actually in progress. The economy was crumbling and everybody was panicking. I remember you  speaking about the financial crisis in a way that I thought made sense. There was a lot of confusion at the time. People didn’t know where to turn or what was going on. 

I also remember, and this is just me I’m talking about, being impressed by Barack Obama who was running for president at the time. I don’t know if you and I talked about him on that occasion. But at the time, I sometimes thought that he looked like he had what this country needed.
So that’s my first question, it’s a lot of ground to cover but how do you feel things have worked out since then, both with the economy and with this president? That was a huge turning point, that moment in 2008, and my own feeling is that we didn’t turn.

No, the thing is he posed as a progressive and turned out to be counterfeit. We ended up with a Wall Street presidency, a drone presidency, a national security presidency. The torturers go free. The Wall Street executives go free. The war crimes in the Middle East, especially now in Gaza, the war criminals go free. And yet, you know, he acted as if he was both a progressive and as if he was concerned about the issues of serious injustice and inequality and it turned out that he’s just another neoliberal centrist with a smile and with a nice rhetorical flair. And that’s a very sad moment in the history of the nation because we are—we’re an empire in decline. Our culture is in increasing decay. Our school systems are in deep trouble. Our political system is dysfunctional. Our leaders are more and more bought off with legalized bribery and normalized corruption in Congress and too much of our civil life. You would think that we needed somebody—a Lincoln-like figure who could revive some democratic spirit and democratic possibility.

That’s exactly what everyone was saying at the time.
That’s right. That’s true. It was like, “We finally got somebody who can help us turn the corner.” And he posed as if he was a kind of Lincoln.

Yeah. That’s what everyone was saying.
And we ended up with a brown-faced Clinton. Another opportunist. Another neoliberal opportunist. It’s like, “Oh, no, don’t tell me that!” I tell you this, because I got hit hard years ago, but everywhere I go now, it’s “Brother West, I see what you were saying. Brother West, you were right. Your language was harsh and it was difficult to take, but you turned out to be absolutely right.” And, of course with Ferguson, you get it reconfirmed even among the people within his own circle now, you see. It’s a sad thing. It’s like you’re looking for John Coltrane and you get Kenny G in brown skin.

When you say you got hit hard, are you talking about the personal confrontation you had with him?
I’m just thinking about the vicious attacks of the Obama cheerleaders.
The personal confrontation you had with him is kind of famous. He got angry at you because you were saying he wasn’t progressive enough.
I just looked at him like “C’mon, man. Let the facts speak for themselves. I’m not into this rhetorical exchange.”

Is there anybody who thinks he’s progressive enough today?
Nobody I know. Not even among the progressive liberals. Nobody I know. Part of this, as you can imagine, is that early on there was a strong private-public distinction. People would come to me and say privately, “We see what you’re saying. We think you’re too harsh in how you say it but we agree very much with what you’re saying in private.” In public, no comment. Now, more and more of it spills over in public.

There’s a lot of disillusionment now. My liberal friends included. The phrase that I have heard from more than one person in the last year is they feel like they got played.
That’s true. That’s exactly right. What I hear is that, “He pimped us.” I heard that a zillion times. “He pimped us, brother West.” That’s another way of saying “we got played.”

You remember that enthusiasm in 2008. I’m from Kansas City. He came and spoke in Kansas City and 75,000 people came to see him.
Oh yeah. Well we know there were moments in Portland, Oregon, there were moments in Seattle. He had the country in the palm of his hand in terms of progressive possibilities.

What on earth ails the man? Why can’t he fight the Republicans? Why does he need to seek a grand bargain?
I think Obama, his modus operandi going all the way back to when he was head of the [Harvard] Law Review, first editor of the Law Review and didn’t have a piece in the Law Review. He was chosen because he always occupied the middle ground. He doesn’t realize that a great leader, a statesperson, doesn’t just occupy middle ground. They occupy higher ground or the moral ground or even sometimes the holy ground. But the middle ground is not the place to go if you’re going to show courage and vision. And I think that’s his modus operandi. He always moves to the middle ground. It turned out that historically, this was not a moment for a middle-ground politician. We needed a high-ground statesperson and it’s clear now he’s not the one.
And so what did he do? Every time you’re headed toward middle ground what do you do? You go straight to the establishment and reassure them that you’re not too radical, and try to convince them that you are very much one of them so you end up with a John Brennan, architect of torture [as CIA Director]. Torturers go free but they’re real patriots so we can let them go free. The rule of law doesn’t mean anything.

The rule of law, oh my God. There’s one law for us and another law if you work on Wall Street.
That’s exactly right. Even with [Attorney General] Eric Holder. Eric Holder won’t touch the Wall Street executives; they’re his friends. He might charge them some money. They want to celebrate. This money is just a tax write-off for these people. There’s no accountability. No answerability. No responsibility that these people have to take at all. The same is true with the Robert Rubin crowd. Obama comes in, he’s got all this populist rhetoric which is wonderful, progressive populist rhetoric which we needed badly. What does he do, goes straight to the Robert Rubin crowd and here comes Larry Summers, here comes Tim Geithner, we can go on and on and on, and he allows them to run things. You see it in the Suskind book, The Confidence Men. These guys are running things, and these are neoliberal, deregulating free marketeers—and poverty is not even an afterthought for them.

They’re the same ones who screwed it up before.
Absolutely.

That was the worst moment [when he brought in the Rubin protégés].
We tried to point that out as soon as he became part of the Rubin stable, part of the Rubin group, and people didn’t want to hear it for the most part. They didn’t want to hear it.

Now it’s six years later and the search for the Grand Bargain has been fruitless. Why does he persist? I shouldn’t be asking you to psychologize him…
I think part of it is just temperament. That his success has been predicated on finding that middle ground. “We’re not black. We’re not white. We’re not rich. We’re not poor. There’s no classes in America. We are all Americans. We’re the American family.” He invoked the American family last week. It’s a lie, brother. You’ve got to be able to tell the truth to the American people. We’re not a family. We’re a people. We’re a nation. And a nation always has divisions. You have to be able to speak to those divisions in such a way that, like FDR, like Lincoln, you’re able to somehow pull out the best of who we are, given the divisions. You don’t try to act as if we have no divisions and we’re just an American family, with the poor getting treated in disgraceful ways and the rich walking off sipping tea, with no accountability at all, and your foreign policy is running amok with Israelis committing war crimes against precious Palestinians and you won’t say a mumbling word about the Palestinian children. What is history going to say about you? Counterfeit! That’s what they’ll say, counterfeit. Not the real thing.

Let’s talk about Ferguson. All I know about it is what I’ve been reading in the newspapers; I haven’t been out there. But I feel like there’s a lot more going on there than this one tragic killing.
Oh, absolutely. I mean, one, we know that this is a systemic thing. This thing has been going on—we can hardly get a word out of the administration in terms of the arbitrary police power. I’ll give you a good example: Carl Dix and I, three years ago, we went to jail over stop and frisk. We had a week-long trial and we were convicted, we were guilty. While the trial was going on, President Obama came into New York and said two things: He said that Michael Bloomberg was a terrific mayor even though he had stopped and frisked over four and a half million since 2002. Then he went onto say that Ed Koch was one of the greatest mayors in the last 50 years. This is right at a time when we’re dealing with stop and frisk, arbitrary police power, and Bloomberg is extending stop and frisk and proud of it. At least Bloomberg is honest about it. Bill De Blasio is just trying to walk a tightrope in this regard. At least Bloomberg was honest about it. He was glad that stop and frisk was in place. When we went to jail he said, “Y’all are wrong. If stop and frisk is stopped, then crime is going to go up…”
I just give you that as an example in terms of arbitrary police power because in Ferguson we’re talking about arbitrary police power, and this particular instance of it has been going on for a long time. The Obama administration has been silent. Completely silent. All of a sudden now, you get this uprising and what is the response? Well, as we know, you send out a statement on the death of brother Robin Williams before you sent out a statement on brother Michael Brown. The family asked for an autopsy at the Federal level, they hold back, so they [the family] have to go and get their own autopsy, and then the federal government finally responds. [Obama] sends Eric, Eric’s on the way out. Eric Holder’s going to be gone by December.

Oh, is he?
Yeah, he’s already said, this is it. He’s concerned about his legacy as if he’s somehow been swinging for black folk ever since he’s been in there. That’s a lie. He’s been silent, too. He’s been relatively silent. He’s made a couple of gestures in regards to the New Jim Crow and the prison-industrial complex, but that’s just lately, on his way out. He was there for six years and didn’t do nothing. See what I mean?

I see exactly what you mean, but I look at the pictures at Ferguson and it looks like it could be anywhere in America, you know.
Absolutely. It looks like it could be New York, Chicago, Atlanta, L.A. It’s like they’re lucky that it hasn’t hit New York, Chicago, L.A. yet, you know.

When they rolled out the militarized police, it frightened people. Something is going on here. It’s not breaking down the way it usually does. People are reacting to this in a different way.
That’s true. It’s a great moment, but let me tell you this though. Because what happens is you got Eric Holder going in trying to create the calm. But you also got Al Sharpton. And when you say the name Al Sharpton, the word integrity does not come to mind. So you got low-quality black leadership. Al Sharpton is who? He’s a cheerleader for Obama.

I haven’t followed him for years; I didn’t know that.
He meets with the president regularly.

I did not know that.
On his show on MSNBC…

I knew he had a show, I just…I guess I don’t watch it enough.
You gotta check that out, brother.

That’s the problem with me, I don’t watch enough TV.
It’s probably good for your soul but you still have to be informed about how decadent things are out here. But, no: MSNBC, state press, it’s all Obama propaganda, and Sharpton is the worst. Sharpton said explicitly, I will never say a critical word about the president under any condition. That’s why he can’t stand what I’m saying. He can’t stand what I do because, for him, it’s an act of racial traitorship to be critical of the president. There’s no prophetic integrity in his leadership.

I understand that. I think a lot of people feel that way. Not just in a racial sense but because Obama’s a Democrat. People feel that way in a partisan sense.
I think that’s true too. You have had some Democrats who’ve had some criticisms of the president. You’ve got some senator that has been critical about his violation of civil liberties and so forth, and rightly so. But Sharpton, and I mention Sharpton because Sharpton is the major black leader who is called on to deal with arbitrary police power. So, Trayvon Martin, what did he do? You got all this black rage down there calling for justice. Has there been justice for Trayvon Martin? Has the Department of Justice done anything for the Trayvon Martin case? None whatsoever. The same is true now with Ferguson. They call Sharpton down. He poses, he postures like he’s so radical. But he is a cheerleader for the Obama administration which means, he’s going to do what he can to filter that rage in neoliberal forms, rather than for truth and justice.

One last thing, where are we going from here? What comes next?
I think a post-Obama America is an America in post-traumatic depression. Because the levels of disillusionment are so deep. Thank God for the new wave of young and prophetic leadership, as with Rev. William Barber, Philip Agnew, and others. But look who’s around the presidential corner. Oh my God, here comes another neo-liberal opportunist par excellence. Hillary herself is coming around the corner. It’s much worse. And you say, “My God, we are an empire in decline.” A culture in decay with a political system that’s dysfunctional, youth who are yearning for something better but our system doesn’t provide them democratic venues, and so all we have are just voices in the wilderness and certain truth-tellers just trying to keep alive some memories of when we had some serious, serious movements and leaders.

One last thought, I was talking to a friend recently and we were saying, if things go the way they look like they’re going to go and Hillary Clinton is the Democratic nominee and then wins a second term, the next time there’ll be a chance for a liberal, progressive president is 2024.
It’d be about over then, brother. I think at that point—Hillary Clinton is an extension of Obama’s Wall Street presidency, drone presidency, national surveillance, national security presidency. She’d be more hawkish than he is, and yet she’s got that strange smile that somehow titillates liberals and neo-liberals and scares Republicans. But at that point it’s even too hard to contemplate.

I know, I always like to leave things on a pessimistic note. I’m sorry. It’s just my nature.
It’s not pessimistic, brother, because this is the blues. We are blues people. The blues aren’t pessimistic. We’re prisoners of hope but we tell the truth and the truth is dark. That’s different.


Martin Luther King Applied To Carry A Concealed Weapon: His Path To Nonviolence

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Abernathy and MLK march. Photo courtesy Wikimedia Commons.
Martin Luther King, Jr., Ralph Abernathy, and their wives, Coretta and Juanita, lead a march from Selma to Montgomery in 1965, with the Abernathy children on the front line. 

How a Great Man Put Down His Guns: Martin Luther King's Path to Nonviolence

It took years of political evolution for King to understand nonviolence not merely as a moral force, but as an effective strategy for leveraging political change.
posted Jan 16, 2014

This article originally appeared at Waging Nonviolence.

Few are aware that Martin Luther King, Jr. once applied for a permit to carry a concealed handgun.

In his 2011 book Gunfight, UCLA law professor Adam Winkler notes that, after King's house was bombed in 1956, the clergyman applied in Alabama for a concealed carry permit. Local police, loathe to grant such permits to African-Americans, deemed him "unsuitable" and denied his application. Consequently, King would end up leaving the firearms at home.

In creating an engineered conflict that could capture the national spotlight, King took huge risks.

The lesson from this incident is not, as some NRA members have tried to suggest in recent years, that King should be remembered as a gun-toting Republican. (Among many other problems, this portrayal neglects to acknowledge how Republicans used conservative anger about Civil Rights advances to win over the Dixiecrat South to their side of the aisle). Rather, the fact that King would request license to wear a gun in 1956, just as he was being catapulted onto the national stage, illustrates the profundity of the transformation that he underwent over the course of his public career.

While this transformation involved a conversion to moral nonviolence and personal pacifism, that is not the whole of the story. More importantly, for those who are interested in how nonviolence can serve as a useful strategy for leveraging social change, King's evolution also involved a hesitant but ultimately forceful embrace of direct action—broad-scale, confrontational and unarmed. That stance had lasting consequences in the struggle for freedom in America.

A personal conversion

The 1956 Montgomery Bus Boycott, the campaign that first established King's national reputation, was not planned in advance as a Gandhian-style campaign of nonviolent resistance. At the time, King would not have had a clear sense of the strategic principles behind such a campaign. Rather, the bus boycott came together quickly in the wake of Rosa Park's arrest in late 1955, taking inspiration from a similar action in Baton Rouge in 1953. (Interestingly, the Montgomery drive was initially quite moderate in its demands, calling only for modest changes to the seating plans on segregated buses.)

King, a newcomer to Montgomery, was unexpectedly thrust into the leadership of the movement, chosen in part because he was not identified with any of the established factions among the city's prominent blacks. He was reluctant about his new role and its burdens. Soon he was receiving phone calls on which unidentified voices warned, "Listen, nigger, we've taken all we want from you. Before next week you'll be sorry you ever came to Montgomery." After such threats resulted in the bombing of King's home in February 1956, armed watchmen guarded against further assassination attempts.

It is only when the tenets of unarmed direct action are strategically employed that nonviolence gains its fullest power.

This response reflected King's still-tentative embrace of the theory and practice of nonviolence. In his talks before mass meetings, King preached the Christian injunction to "love thy enemy." Having read Thoreau in college, he described the bus boycott as an "act of massive noncooperation" and regularly called for "passive resistance." But King did not use the term "nonviolence," and he admitted that he knew little about Gandhi or the Indian independence leader's campaigns. As King biographer Taylor Branch notes, out-of-state visitors who were knowledgeable about the principles of unarmed direct action—such as Rev. Glenn Smiley of the Fellowship of Reconciliation and Bayard Rustin of the War Resisters League—reported that King and other Montgomery activists were "at once gifted and unsophisticated in nonviolence."

Both Rustin and Smiley took notice of the firearms around the King household and argued for their removal. In a famous incident described by historian David Garrow, Rustin was visiting King's parsonage with reporter Bill Worthy when the journalist almost sat on a pistol. "Watch out, Bill, there's a gun on that chair," the startled Rustin warned. He and King stayed up late that night arguing about whether armed self-defense in the home could end up damaging the movement.

While today's NRA members might prefer to forget, it was not long before King had come around to the position advocated by groups like the Fellowship of Reconciliation. Smiley would make visits to Montgomery throughout King's remaining four years there, and the civil rights leader's politics would be shaped by many more late-night conversations.
In 1959, at the invitation of the Gandhi National Memorial Fund, King made a pilgrimage to India to study the principles of satyagraha, and he was moved by the experience. Ultimately, he never embraced the complete pacifism of A. J. Muste; later, in the Black Power years, King made a distinction between people using guns to defend themselves in the home and the question of "whether it was tactically wise to use a gun while participating in an organized protest." But, for himself, King claimed nonviolence as a "way of life," and he maintained his resolve under conditions that would make many others falter.

In September 1962, when King was addressing a convention, a 200-pound white man, the 24-year-old American Nazi Party member Roy James, jumped onto the stage and struck the clergyman in the face. King responded with a level of courage that made a lifelong impression on many of those in the audience. One of them, storied educator and activist Septima Clark, described how King dropped his hands "like a newborn baby" and spoke calmly to his attacker. King made no effort to protect himself even as he was knocked backwards by further blows. Later, after his aides had pulled the assailant away, he talked to the young man behind the stage and insisted that he would not press charges.

Nonviolence as a political weapon

Believers in pacifism often contend that such principled nonviolence represents the high point in a person's moral evolution. They argue that those who merely use unarmed protest tactically—not because they accept it as an ethical imperative, but because they have decided it is the most effective way to propel a given campaign for social change—practice a lesser form of nonviolence. Gandhi advanced this position when he claimed that those who forgo violence for strategic reasons, rather than ethical ones, employ the "nonviolence of the weak." King echoed the argument when he wrote that "nonviolence in the truest sense is not a strategy that one uses simply because it is expedient in the moment," but rather is something "men live by because of the sheer morality of its claim."

Ultimately, King was a follower, not a leader, in cultivating a new tradition of strategic nonviolent action in the United States.

Despite such admonitions, the opposite case can be made: Moral nonviolence without strategic vision rings hollow. And, in holding up King as an icon of individual pacifism, we fail to see his true genius.

It is possible for someone to make a commitment to nonviolence as a point of personal principle without ever taking part in the kind of action that would make their convictions a matter of public consequence. Indeed, this is common, since most people prefer the comforts of private life to the tension of political conflict.

Pacifists who do put their beliefs to the test might undertake civil disobedience individually—performing acts of moral witness that pose no real threat to perpetrators of injustice. It is only when the tenets of unarmed direct action are strategically employed, made into effective weapons of political persuasion through campaigns of widespread disruption and collective sacrifice, that nonviolence gains its fullest power.

Martin Luther King did embrace strategic nonviolence in its most robust and radical form—and this produced the historic confrontations at Birmingham and Selma. But it is important to remember that these came years after his initial baptism into political life in Montgomery, and that they might easily not have happened at all.

The road to Birmingham

Following the successful bus boycott, King sought out ways to spread the Montgomery model throughout the South. He knew that there existed strategists who had immersed themselves in the theory and practice of broad-scale confrontation, but he acknowledged that this organizing tradition had yet to take root in the civil rights movement.

In early 1957, King met James Lawson, a savvy student of unarmed resistance who had spent several years in India. As Branch relates, King pleaded with the young graduate student to quit his studies: "We need you now," King said. "We don't have any Negro leadership in the South that understands nonviolence."

Despite this recognition, the idea of waging broadly participatory campaigns of direct action fell far outside of King's organizational frame of reference, and in many ways he remained a reluctant convert to mass action. Founded in 1957, King's Southern Christian Leadership Conference, or SCLC, was conceived as a coalition of ministers. It thought of itself, in the words of one historian, as the "political arm of the black church." However, as Ella Baker biographer Barbara Ransby writes, that institution was none too bold on civil rights, and "the majority of black ministers in the 1950s still opted for a safer, less confrontational political path." Even King and his more motivated cohort "defined their political goals squarely within the respectable American mainstream and were cautious about any leftist associations."

Frustrated that SCLC's program in the first years involved more "flowery speeches" than civil disobedience, the militant Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth of Birmingham warned that, if the organization did not become more aggressive, its leaders would "be hard put in the not too distant future to justify our existence."

The next major breakthroughs in civil rights activism would come not from the SCLC's hesitant ministers, but through the student lunch counter sit-ins that swept through the South starting in Spring of 1960, and then through the 1961 Freedom Rides. In each case, when young activists implored King to join them, the elder clergyman—himself just in his early 30s—held back. When King told the students that he was with them in spirit, they pointedly shot back, "Where's your body?"

According to John Lewis, then a leader in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, or SNCC, King replied with irritation, making reference to the site of Jesus' crucifixion: "I think I should choose the time and place of my Golgatha," he said.

When King's SCLC did get directly involved in a major campaign of strategic nonviolence, the organization was drawn into an effort that was already underway—one in Albany, Ga., starting in late 1961. Even then, the SCLC did not fully commit until after King and close colleague Ralph Abernathy were swept up in an unplanned arrest. Unfortunately, the effort in Albany was beset by rivalries between different civil rights groups, and it ended in failure. As Garrow notes, The New York Times ended up praising "the remarkable restraint of Albany's segregationists and the deft handling by the police of racial protests," while another national publication remarked that "not a single racial barrier fell."

Nevertheless, the sense of potential he experienced in Albany, combined with the inspiration of the Freedom Rides and student sit-ins, convinced King that the time had come for a campaign of mass action that, in the words of Andrew Young, could be "anticipated, planned and coordinated from beginning to end" using the principles of nonviolent conflict. King had chosen his time and place: Birmingham, 1963.

Big enough to fail, big enough to win

King's political genius was in putting the institutional weight of a major national civil rights organization behind an ambitious, escalating deployment of civil resistance tactics. In the case of Birmingham, this meant taking many of the approaches that had been tried before—the economic pressure leveled against merchants during the Montgomery Bus Boycott, the dramatic sit-ins of Nashville, the fill-the-jails arrest strategy of Albany—and combining them in a multistage assault that sociologist and civil rights historian Aldon Morris would dub "a planned exercise in mass disruption."

Given the demonstrated power of mass disruption to shift the political discussion around an issue, why don't more organizations pursue such strategies?

In creating an engineered conflict that could capture the national spotlight, King took huge risks. It would have been far easier for an organization of the size and background of the SCLC to turn toward more mainstream lobbying and legal action—much as the NAACP had done. Instead, by following SNCC's student activists in embracing nonviolent confrontation, SCLC organizers and their local allies created a dramatic clash with segregationists that put the normally hidden injustices of racism on stark public display.

As historian Michael Kazin argues, the famous scenes from Birmingham of police dogs snapping at unarmed demonstrators and water canons being opened on young marchers "convinced a plurality of whites, for the first time, to support the cause of black freedom."

Likewise, King would later write that, in watching marchers defy Bull Connor's menacing police troops, he "felt there, for the first time, the pride and power of nonviolence."

Ultimately, King was a follower, not a leader, in cultivating a new tradition of strategic nonviolent action in the United States. Yet acknowledging this should not diminish his significance. Because when he did commit himself to spearheading the type of broad-based nonviolent protest he had been talking about for years, it resulted in campaigns that profoundly altered the public sense of what measures were needed to uphold civil rights in the United States. The Birmingham model would prove widely influential. Victory in that city sent ripples throughout the country: In the two and a half months after the Birmingham campaign announced a settlement with store owners that commenced desegregation, more than 750 civil rights protests took place in 186 American cities, leading to almost 15,000 arrests.

Given the demonstrated power of mass disruption to shift the political discussion around an issue, why don't more organizations pursue such strategies? Why aren't more groups using militant nonviolence to confront pressing challenges such as economic inequality and global climate change?

There is a certain paradox at work here, one that should enhance our appreciation of King's courage. As veteran labor strategist Stephen Lerner argued in 2011, major organizations have just enough at stake—relationships with mainstream politicians, financial obligations to members, collective bargaining contracts—to make them fear the lawsuits and political backlash that come with sustained civil disobedience.

Martin Luther King at World House Speech.

What Lerner says of unions applies equally to large environmental organizations, human rights groups, and other nonprofits: they "are just big enough—and just connected enough to the political and economic power structure—to be constrained from leading the kinds of activities that are needed" for bold campaigns of nonviolent conflict to be successful. As a consequence, explosive direct actions—from the Nashville sit-ins to Occupy to the revolution in Egypt—are often led by scrappy, underfunded upstarts. Such ad hoc groups can risk daring campaigns because they have nothing to lose, but they commonly lack the resources to escalate or to sustain multiple waves of protest over a period of years, a rare and powerful ability that established institutions can provide.

To not merely adopt pacifism as a personal philosophy, but rather to stake your career and your organization's future on a belief in the power of nonviolence as a political force, requires tremendous determination. It took years of deliberation and delay for Martin Luther King to take such a step. But when he finally did, the result was decisive: King went from being someone who had been repeatedly swept up in the saga of civil rights—a reluctant protagonist in the battle against American apartheid—to being a shaper of history.


Mark Engler100.jpgMark Engler is a senior analyst with Foreign Policy In Focus, an editorial board member at Dissent, and a contributing editor at YES! Magazine. Paul Engler is founding director of the Center for the Working Poor, in Los Angeles. They are writing a book about the evolution of political nonviolence. They can be reached via the websitewww.DemocracyUprising.com.
Donations can be sent to the Baltimore Nonviolence Center, 325 E. 25th St., Baltimore, MD 21218.  Ph: 410-366-1637; Email: mobuszewski [at] verizon.net. Go to http://baltimorenonviolencecenter.blogspot.com/
"The master class has always declared the wars; the subject class has always fought the battles. The master class has had all to gain and nothing to lose, while the subject class has had nothing to gain and everything to lose--especially their lives." Eugene Victor Debs

Tom Tomorrow's "The Modern World." Approved Responses To The Unrest In Ferguson

Liberals, Progressives And Radicals: Always Playing "The Fact Card"

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"Blacks Are 350% More Likely Than Whites To Be Jailed For The Same Crime"

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Since blacks are 3 and a half times more likely than whites to be jailed for the same crime -- and, per capita, there are 45% more black prisoners than white prisoners -- we find the statistics for "equalized imprisonment" of blacks and whites (for the same crime) to be a far cry from the 350% supernumerary rate revealed by un-contextualized statistics.


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The situation in the American federal prison system is even more striking: 37.1% of federal prisoners are black and 59.4% of federal prisioners are white.
Source: Department of Federal Prisonshttp://www.bop.gov/about/statistics/statistics_inmate_race.jsp

If whites in federal prisons were incarcerated at the same rate as blacks are incarcerated )for the same crime), there would be a significantly lower percentage of blacks in federal prisons relative to the 12% slice of the U.S. population made up by Afro-Americans.

When properly contextualized by equalizing the likelihood of imprisonment for the same same crime we find that whites are the real menace when it comes to federal crime..

When we factor in white collar crime and the un-jailable felons who continually scam the banking system under aegis of induced boom-bust cycles, white people constitute even more of a criminal threat.

It is possible that the likelihood of blacks being imprisoned at a rate 350%  higher than whites does not "hold up" for federal crime. However, I have found no data saying otherwise.


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Next time you're at a party with scriptural/credal fundamentalists, I encourage you to make use of the following conversation starter: "Every text without a context is a pretext."




White House Confirms Death Of American Jihadist Fighting In Syria

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Excerpt: "One tweet reads: “It’s funny to me how all these so call (sic) Muslim claim that they love Allah but always curse the one who try to implement his laws.”" 

Alan: Often, governments are able to "impose law" safely because governments realize that Law is a man-made expedient - not divine ordination. 

Governments also realize that Law is an imperfect instrument, often ignored and commonly given short shrift. 

On the other hand, religious absolutists recognize no authority but God's and assume that their personal understanding of God's Law coincides precisely with Scripture or, more accurately, with any scriptural pronouncement they choose to emphasize while conveniently ignoring others. 

The ragtag history of usury is a case in point: http://paxonbothhouses.blogspot.com/2012/03/we-have-multiplied-and-filled-earth.html. 

Subjective identification with God's Will - while presuming their opinions are objective - compels absolutists to conceive God's "damnation of infidels" (and other satanic rebels) as the template that authorizes judgement, punishment and slaughter. 

Furthermore, absolutist methods know no bounds since any torment they devise will be less punitive than The Hell devised by God Himself.


"Time To Expunge Catholicism Of Traditions And Texts 
That Represent God As A Terrorist"

Absolutists conceive themselves as "God's smiting hand on earth" and see their fiendishly designed torments as relatively "mild" since God's own punishments cannot even be conceived. 

The inebriating nature of Absolutism compels adherents to usurp God's throne while pretending to bow before it. 

Christian absolutism and Islamic jihad are mirror images. 


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St. Paul: On Human Presumption And Knowledge Of God's Will

White House confirms death of American jihadist fighting in Syria


White House officials on Tuesday confirmed the death of an American reported to have been fighting for the Islamic State in Syria.
"We were aware of U.S. Citizen Douglas McAuthur McCain’s presence in Syria and can confirm his death," said a statement released by Caitlin Hayden, a spokeswoman for the National Security Council.
"We continue to use every tool we possess to disrupt and dissuade individuals from traveling abroad for violent jihad and to track and engage those who return." 



McCain's death was first reported by the Free Syrian Army and NBC News.
One of the major worries of U.S. officials is that Americans who have gone to join militant groups fighting in Syria and Iraq may return to America to launch jihadist attacks.
A deputy spokeswoman for the State Department told CNN on Tuesday that officials estimate the number of Americans fighting with Syrian-based groups ranges from several dozen to 100.


A 33-year-old nurse from Flint, Mich., was killed last year while fighting in northern Syria. She reportedly had thrown a grenade at Syrian soldiers who opened fire on her vehicle.
In May, a 22-year-old man from Florida blew himself up in a truck packed with explosives, also in northern Syria.
"This is just the latest example" of Americans fighting in Syria, Marie Harf, deputy spokeswoman for the State Department, said of McCain while being interviewed by CNN's Wolf Blitzer.
State Department officials earlier had declined to confirm that McCain was fighting for the Islamic State at the time of his death.


“We are in contact with the family and are providing all possible consular assistance,” said spokeswoman Jen Psaki. “Out of respect for the family we’re not going to be adding any more comment at this time."
When a U.S. citizen is killed overseas, American consular officials often help the family locate and return the citizen’s body to the United States, if possible.
NBC reported that McCain, 33, was one of three foreign fighters aligned with Islamic State forces killed in a battle in Syria.


After growing up in Minnesota, McCain moved to San Diego and attended San Diego City College. College officials confirmed his attendance but declined to provide additional details.
On a Facebook page identified as belonging to McCain, he referred to himself as Duale ThaslaveofAllah. The Facebook page has since been taken down.
On a Twitter account identified as belonging to McCain, he used the name Duale Khalid and wrote, “It’s Islam over everything.”
The person said he converted to Islam a decade ago: “I will never look back the best thing that ever happen to me,” reads one Twitter message.



The Twitter messages display hostility toward gays, white people and Somali immigrants in San Diego. The messages praise Allah and smoking hookah.
One tweet reads: “It’s funny to me how all these so call Muslim claim that they love Allah but always curse the one who try to implement his laws.”
A retweet from a group called Islamic Freedom reads: “Allah never promised this life was easy, but He did promise that He would be with you every step of the way.”
The Twitter account includes a translation of a speech by Islamic State spokesman Abu Muhammad Al-Adnani.
While in San Diego, McCain worked at a now-closed African restaurant.  McCain was described as a basketball fan and a would-be rap singer who had apparently traveled in Europe.

How The Supreme Court Protects Bad Cops

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Non-Violent Protester

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"If the conclusion is that the officer, Darren Wilson, acted improperly, the ability to hold him or Ferguson, Mo., accountable will be severely restricted by none other than the United States Supreme Court. In recent years, the court has made it very difficult, and often impossible, to hold police officers and the governments that employ them accountable for civil rights violations. This undermines the ability to deter illegal police behavior and leaves victims without compensation. When the police kill or injure innocent people, the victims rarely have recourse." Erwin Chemerinsky in The New York Times



9 Year Old Girl Kills Shooting Instructor With Uzi

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Are we having fun yet?

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"Gun Cartoons and Gun Violence Bibliography"

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9-Year-Old Girl Accidentally Kills Shooting Range Instructor

A 9-year-old girl vacationing with her family accidentally shot and killed an instructor at a shooting range, authorities said.
The shooting happened at 10 a.m. Monday at Bullets and Burgers, a facility located at Arizona Last Stop, a tourist spot southeast of Las Vegas.
According to the Mohave County Sheriff’s Office, the instructor – identified as Charles Vacca, 39 – was standing next to the girl, teaching her how to use an automatic Uzi. The girl’s parents stood nearby, capturing video of the experience.
As the girl pulled the trigger, the recoil caused her to lose control of the gun, with Vacca accidentally shot in the head, the Mohave County Sheriff’s Office said. Vacca was flown to University Medical Center, where he was pronounced dead.
It is not known if the range had an age limit.


"Aim for the bridge of the nose."





Does Warren Buffett's Financing Of Burger King - Tim Horton Merger Betray America?

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"Back in February, in his annual message to shareholders in his company Berkshire Hathaway, Warren Buffett said this: 'Who has ever benefited during the past 237 years by betting against America? ... America's best years lie ahead.' You can expect these words to be thrown back in Buffett's face this week (as we're doing), as word spreads of his investment....But it's worthwhile to take a closer look at Buffett's involvement, and about his opinion of corporate taxation — indeed, of taxes in general. Here's a spoiler: He doesn't think U.S. corporate taxes are too high, and he's not really in favor of the inversion loophole." Michael Hiltzik in the Los Angeles Times





G.K. Chesterton And Warren Buffett's Class War 

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"Warren Buffett and Bernie Sanders: The 1% War On The Middle Class"

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Warren Buffett On Taxes, Job Creation, The Coddled Money Class And Shared Sacrifice



Federal Officials Order Medicaid To Cover Autism Services

U.N. Makes Even Blunter Case To Control Greenhouse Gases

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The World's capital.

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U.N. makes even blunter case for climate emissions action. "The report, intended to summarize and restate a string of earlier reports about climate change released over the past year, is to be unveiled in early November, after an intensive editing session in Copenhagen. A late draft was sent to the world’s governments for review this week....Using blunter, more forceful language than the reports that underpin it, the new draft highlights the urgency of the risks that are likely to be intensified by continued emissions of heat-trapping gases, primarily carbon dioxide released by the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas....If society wants to limit the risks to future generations, it must find the discipline to leave a vast majority of these valuable fuels in the ground, the report said." Justin Gillis in The New York Times



Weird Enuf Fer Ya? News From Barbaria #144

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"Bad Black People." Why Bill O'Reilly Is Wrong Even When He's Right
http://paxonbothhouses.blogspot.com/2014/08/oreilly-on-bad-black-people-why-bill-is.html

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Video shows moments before girl accidentally killed shooting instructor with Uzi

Video shows police shot Ohio man ‘on sight’ as he leaned on toy gun in Walmart, attorney says
 

LAPD cops ignored asthmatic suspect’s pleas before death: ‘You can talk, so you can breathe’

Massachusetts man fears his horns, ’666? forehead tattoo will make a fair trial impossible

SC police beat man in Walmart as horrified shoppers beg officers to stop

Fox host kicks off two black lawyers after they accuse her of ‘distracting’ from Brown’s death


Russell Brand mocks Hannity as a man hopelessly out of his depth in universe he can’t understand

TX police draw guns on mother and young children they mistook for gun-waving males

Deputy chief tells Fox: Solution to over-militarization of police is painting tanks blue

Cornel West: Obama a ‘brown-faced Clinton’ in charge of ‘a Wall Street and drone presidency’

John Oliver destroys a piñata to justify this headline’s use of the word ‘destroys’


Paul Ryan avoids Dreamers questions at book signing as security removes them





New Website Features Scientists Personal Feelings About Global Warming

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More and more scientists worry the facts don't speak for themselves in convincing public. "Scientists are used to talking about climate change in facts and figures, a discussion framed around parts-per-million concentrations of carbon dioxide, millimeters of sea-level rise, and degrees of global temperatures. Joe Duggan wants them to talk about their feelings. Duggan, a masters of science communication student at the Australian National University, has set up a website hosting handwritten letters in which scientists express their fear, frustration, distress, and confusion about the growing threat of climate change and the politicization of the issue." Jason Plautz in National Journal


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